REVIEW OF A SEVENTEEN-YEAR CHLOROPHYLL RECORD AS IT PERTAINS TO THE TROPIIIC STATUS OF LAKE OKEECHOBEE,FLORIDA, USA1

ABSTRACT: A 17-year record of chlorophyll a at eight limnetic sampling stations was used to evaluate putative changes in the trophic status of Lake Okeechobee, a shallow polymictic lake located in the subtropical environment of South Florida. Significant spatial differences were observed in the temporal patterns and variability of chlorophyll a concentrations. The highest chlorophyll a values were found in the northern and northwestern regions of the lake. The center of the lake, subject to high levels of non-algal suspended solids, exhibited relatively low chlorophyll a values and coefficient of variation. The lowest chlorophyll a values were observed at the southernmost sampling station in the lake. This was also the station that showed a significant upward trend in annual mean chlorophyll a values over the 17-year period of record. Examination of the relationship between chlorophyll a and three key environmental variables (i.e., total phosphorus concentration, phosphorus loading, and lake stage) revealed significant correlations at two out of the eight stations. The overall results of this study indicate that spatial and temporal disparities in the distribution and dynamics of chlorophyll a in Lake Okeechobee mandate more temporally and spatially intense approaches to the evaluation of trophic state than used in previous studies.     

揭开武汉东湖蓝藻水华消失之谜

水华（亦称湖靛）是湖泊富营养化最恶劣的表征之一。武汉东湖７０年代至１９８４年间每年夏季出现蓝藻水华,１９８５年起突然消失,至今已有１４年没有重现,原因何在？通过三次设在湖里的围隔试验,证明鲢鳙的大量放养,是水华消失的决定性因素。     

THE USE OF MAGNESIUM CARBONATE IN CHLOROPHYLL DETERMINATIONS1

Abstract: Chlorophyll analyses of both laboratory cultures and natural aquatic samples were unaffected by the use of magnesium carbonate. Equal volumes of the samples (at various pH values) were pipetted onto 0.45 micrometer filters with and without magnesium carbonate. Chlorophyll concentrations were determined for each filtered sample and those frozen for specified times. In all samples tested there was no difference either in the retention of algae or in the stability of chlorophyll over the time period and pH range tested.     

PRODUCTION PROCESSES UNDER THE ICE IN LAKE ST. CLAIR: 1. IRRADIATION AND TEMPERATURE1

ABSTRACT: Data from three ice-covered stations in Lake St. Clair were collected to evaluate the effect of ice and related variables on phytoplankton production. Primary production, phytoplankton standing crop, irradiation and temperature were measured from January to April, 1973. Mean production values ranged from 0.74 mgC/m³/h at station 1 near Mitchell Bay to 3.4 mgC/m³/h in waters at stations 2 and 3 below the Thames River mouth. A similar pattern was observed in chlorophyll a concentration, the mean values ranged from 0.63 μg/1 at station 1 to 2.1 and 1.3 μg/1 at stations 2 and 3. Temperature stratification occurred at the three stations. However, the temperatures at station 1 were consistently more than a degree warmer than at the other two stations. Irradiation was low, having a mean value at the sampling depth of .075 ly/min. The data is interpreted to indicate that the ice-bound phytoplankton were adapted to the low irradiation. It is suggested that the variation observed between stations is related to the formation of a plume by the Thames River and differences in nutrient loads carried by the St. Clair and Thames Rivers.     

PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND EUTROPHICATION1

ABSTRACT: Biological responses to physical-chemical processes were examined in Toronto and Hamilton Harbours of Lake Ontario. Nutrient loadings to the harbors are large and are of similar magnitude, yet the trophic conditions of the harbors were considerably different. Lake oscillations were found to determine the flushing rates and environmental stability of the harbors. LOW residence times (<10 days) resulted in homogenous chemical conditions in Toronto Harbour, and prevented the establishment of large phytoplankton crops. The longer retention time of Hamilton Harbour permitted the establishment of huger phytoplankton crops. There probably exists a critical retention time where nutrient input events persist for a sufficient period of time for the algal community to adapt to and exploit the environmental conditions of nearshore areas.     

太湖蓝藻水华时空分布与预警监测响应的分析

选择2007和2008年200幅EOS/MODIS太湖蓝藻监测遥感影像,统计分析了梅梁湾、竺山湾宜兴段、贡湖湾、东太湖胥口湾和湖州方向湖体蓝藻水华爆发的空间和时间分布规律。并在得出全太湖蓝藻水华空间和时间分布规律的基础上,从环境监测部门蓝藻预警监测工作的实际出发,将蓝藻水华预警监测的响应划分为常规监测和应急监测,提出了具体的监测要求,为环太湖地区的相关部门更好地开展蓝藻预警监测工作提供了科学依据。     

赣江一级支流浮游植物群落动态特征分析——以袁河为例

2009年6、11月和2010年4月共3个水情期（即丰、枯和平水期）对赣江下游一级支流袁河的浮游植物群落结构特征开展河流生态学调查分析。调查共发现浮游植物109种，隶属于6门61属。其中绿藻门物种种类数最多，共27属54种，其次为硅藻门，共15属30种，第三是蓝藻门11属12种。此外，裸藻门3属6种，甲藻门3属4种，隐藻门2属3种。调查样点的浮游植物丰度均处于1.12×105～129.20×105 ind./L，丰水期和枯水期浮游植物以蓝藻为优势类群，平水期则硅藻占绝对优势。丰水期浮游植物优势属为脆杆藻属和席藻属，枯水期为栅藻属，针杆属，蓝隐藻属和小环藻属，到了平水期小环藻属占绝对优势。3个水情期中优势种钝脆杆藻和小席藻（丰水期）；尖尾蓝隐藻和双头针杆藻（枯水期）；梅尼小环藻（平水期）等均为污水指示种。通过生物多样性指数分析发现藻类Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的变化范围分别为：1.14～2.92、0.45～0.93、0.36～0.92和0.42～2.78。通过指示生物群落法和生物多样性指数法对袁河进行水质评价发现两种评价结果基本一致，袁河处于α-β-中污染状态，不同采样点间污染程度差异性较大。     

2005年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集

采用Utermhl分析方法，对长江口及其邻近水域（30.5° ~ 32.5° N，121.0° ~ 123.5° E）2005年秋季浮游植物进行了分析，并对其与环境之间的关系做了进一步的探讨。结果表明：调查区初步鉴定浮游植物95种（含变种和变型），硅藻是主要的浮游植物类群，其丰度比例达到93.1%；生态类型多为温带近岸种，少数为暖水种和大洋种；优势种主要为中肋骨条藻〖WTBX〗（Skeletonema costatum）、具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）、菱形海线藻（Thalassionema nitzschioides）和圆海链藻（Thalassiosira rotula）〖WTBZ〗；浮游植物平均丰度为2.04 cells/mL，高值出现在长江口门偏南水域；Margalef指数、Shannon Wiener指数以及Pielou指数的分布显示：秋季调查区离岸海域浮游植物多样性程度高，物种均一性好。Pearson相关分析结果显示：海水温度和硝酸盐含量是控制调查区浮游植物分布格局的主要环境因子；优势种中肋骨条藻与温度呈极显著负相关，与硝酸盐呈极显著正相关。     

河流型硅藻水华研究进展

通过对硅藻水华发生机制相关文献的研究分析,对硅藻水华发生机制做了一般性探讨,并重点关注了河流型水华的发生机制的独特点。河流水华种类主要为中心硅藻纲,静水生态系统水华种类除中心硅藻纲还包括部分羽纹硅藻纲种类。河流水华硅藻种类对营养盐浓度、温度和光照等环境因子具有一定的适应范围。与静水生态系统相比,河流硅藻水华受气象和水文等物理指标的影响更为明显。河流硅藻水华中常具有时滞现象,其中由气象和水文因素引起的时滞现象最为明显。目前河流硅藻水华的防治仍然以上游水库下泄稀释为主,但是这种方法会造成一定的水资源浪费。河流水华硅藻的生理属性、硅藻水华对生态系统的影响、节水与抑制水华的统筹以及其他控制水华的方法都是未来河流硅藻水华研究的重点。     

水动力条件下蓝藻水华生消的模拟实验研究与探讨

蓝藻水华是当今世界共同面临的重大水污染问题之一。通过室内模拟实验,在温度、光照、初始pH值和营养盐等基本条件相同的前提下模拟水流流速分别为10cm/s、20cm/s、30cm/s、40cm/s时铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)水华的产生与消亡过程,在10～40cm/s流速区间里藻类生长周期随流速增大而变长,藻类最大现存量在40cm/s流速下最大,在10cm/s流速下最小,流速为30cm/s时藻类比增率最大,较适合藻类生存,在整个水华暴发过程中水体氮磷营养浓度呈下降趋势,水体的pH、DO和Ec变化不大。